Risk factors for haemorrhage include prolonged shock, hypotension,acidosis, liver and/or renal impairment or prior administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. External or internal haemorrhage should be treated with transfusion of fresh packed red blood cells 5–10 ml/kg or fresh whole blood 10–20 ml/kg. Attempts to increase platelet counts via transfusion in the absence of major haemorrhage have not protected against bleeding in dengue. Rather, early recognition of dengue,especially severe dengue and DHF, with prompt correction of haemodynamic parameters, remains the cornerstone of treatment to avoid haemorrhage and ensure good clinical outcomes.Intramuscular injections should be avoided and procedures such as the insertion of nasogastric tubes should performed with great care. Data on recombinant factor VII (rfVIIa) suggest that it may be useful for stopping active bleeding,although no mortality benefit has been demonstrated.Similarly, anti-D immunoglobulin may be useful for increasing the platelet count in Rh positive patients.Occasionally patients with renal failure may require dialysis.Continuous veno-venous haemofiltration is preferred since insertion of a peritoneal dialysis catheter may result in bleeding.Antibiotics are indicated only if secondary bacterial infection is suspected or if the presentation is atypical.Illnesses that mimic DHF include leptospirosis and scrub typhus. There are no data to support the use of intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of dengue infection. Positive results from the use of desmopressin, high-dose immunoglobulin and activated factor VII on haemostasis have been reported.There is no evidence to support the use of corticosteroids in the management of severe dengue.