2 (a) Organized criminal group shall mean a structured group of three or more persons, existing for
a period of time and acting in concert with the aim of committing one or more serious crimes or
offences established [by] the Convention [or Trafficking Protocol], in order to obtain, directly or
indirectly, a financial or other material benefit.
3.2 ... an offence is transnational in nature if:
(a) It is committed in more than one State;
(b) It is committed in one State but a substantial part of its preparation, planning, directing or
control takes place in another State;
(c) It is committed in one State but involves an organized criminal group that engages in
criminal activities in more than one State; or
(d) It is committed in one State but has substantial effects in another State.
34.2. The offences established in accordance with articles 5, 6, 8 and 23 of this Convention shall be
established in the domestic law of each State party independently of the transnational nature or the
involvement of an organized criminal group as described in article 3, paragraph 2, of this
Convention, except to the extent that article 5 of this Convention would require the involvement
of an organized criminal group.