In the first NHANES assessment of kidney stonedisease since 1994, we found that 1 in 11 persons in theUnited States reports a history of stone disease. Amongthe highest-risk groups, the prevalence of stone diseaseapproached one in five persons. These findings represent amarked increase in the prevalence of stone disease over theintervening 15 years: In 1994, the reported prevalence ofstone disease in the NHANES sample was only 5.2% (ie, 1 in20 persons) [1]. This dramatic increase in the prevalence ofstone disease persisted even after adjusting for the changesin the US population since NHANES III.