Earthworms. Earthworm activity was similar across treatments prior
to herbicide application with mean surface cast production of 1.5 6
0.1 casts day21 mesocosm21 and 3.6 6 0.4 moved toothpicks day21
mesocosm21. Earthworm activity measured by toothpicks was
marginally significantly lower after herbicide application (F1;10 5
4.490, P 5 0.060), however was not influenced by AMF (F1;10 5
0.001, P 5 0.977; Figure 1a11b). Herbicide application reduced
earthworm activity (toothpicks) in 1AMF mesocosms (F1;4 5
9.042, P 5 0.040; Figure 1b) but had no influence on earthworm
activity in 2AMF mesocosms (Figure 1a). Earthworm activity
measured by surface cast production was neither influenced by RU
nor AMF (Figure 1).