A group of healthy pregnant women (n 1⁄4 38) was enrolled in our Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and subdivided as follows: (i) at term out of labour (n 1⁄4 19; 276^0.7 days of gestation; samples collected at the time of elective caesarean section due to previous uterine surgery); (ii) post-term (n 1⁄4 19; 291^1.4 days of gestation; samples collected before induction of labour).
Written informed consent was obtained from each pregnant woman and the permission of the Local Human Investigation Committee was granted for the study. The exclusion criteria were multiple pregnancies, diabetes, hypertension, foetal anomaly, maternal or foetal infection, foetal growth restriction, cardiotoco- graphic evidence of foetal distress and an Apgar score at 1min of ,7. All pregnancies were dated by ultra- sound, with measurement of the biparietal diameter, head circumference, femur length, and abdominal cir- cumference; their clinical characteristics are summar- ized in Table 1.
In all post-term pregnancies, a digital palpatory cervi- cal examination was performed, the Bishop score was assigned (15), and all five parameters of the Bishop scor- ing system (dilatation, effacement, station, cervical con- sistency, and cervical position) were recorded separately. After the digital examination and before starting labour induction, patients were submitted to transvaginal ultra- sonography with the use of Siemens Sonoline ELEGRA real-time ultrasound scan equipment (Erlangen, Germany) with a 4.5–7.0MHz transvaginal probe, to measure the cervical length and to assess the presence of funnelling. Funnelling was defined as a V- or Y- shape triangle with a protrusion of the amnioti
A group of healthy pregnant women (n 1⁄4 38) was enrolled in our Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and subdivided as follows: (i) at term out of labour (n 1⁄4 19; 276^0.7 days of gestation; samples collected at the time of elective caesarean section due to previous uterine surgery); (ii) post-term (n 1⁄4 19; 291^1.4 days of gestation; samples collected before induction of labour).Written informed consent was obtained from each pregnant woman and the permission of the Local Human Investigation Committee was granted for the study. The exclusion criteria were multiple pregnancies, diabetes, hypertension, foetal anomaly, maternal or foetal infection, foetal growth restriction, cardiotoco- graphic evidence of foetal distress and an Apgar score at 1min of ,7. All pregnancies were dated by ultra- sound, with measurement of the biparietal diameter, head circumference, femur length, and abdominal cir- cumference; their clinical characteristics are summar- ized in Table 1.ตั้งครรภ์ระยะหลังทั้งหมด ทำการตรวจ palpatory ดิจิตอล cal cervi คะแนนบิชอปแห่งกำหนด (15), และบันทึกพารามิเตอร์ทั้งหมดห้าของ scor บาทหลวง - ing (dilatation, effacement สถานี คอน sistency ปากมดลูก และตำแหน่งปากมดลูก) แยกต่างหาก หลัง จากตรวจสอบดิจิตอล และ ก่อนเริ่มการเหนี่ยวนำแรงงาน ผู้ป่วยส่งมาที่ sonography อัลตร้าท้อง ช่องคลอดมีการใช้อุปกรณ์การสแกนแบบเรียลไทม์ซาวด์ซีเมนส์ Sonoline ELEGRA (Erlangen เยอรมนี) กับ 4.5 – 7.0 MHz ท้อง ช่องคลอดโพรบ การวัดความยาวปากมดลูก และ การประเมินของ funnelling Funnelling ถูกกำหนดเป็น V หรือ Y-รูปสามเหลี่ยมกับ protrusion ของ amnioti
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