SMR is the current bulk of Malaysian rubber produced
in the form of technically specified crumb rubber. Large quantities
of effluent were produced from the processing of raw natural
rubber since it required huge amount of water for its operation.
In general, rubber wastewater has high concentration of ammonia,
BOD, COD, nitrate, phosphorus and total solids. If high level of
nitrogen and ammonia is discharged to water bodies, it could
contributes to undesirable eutrophication and lead to death of
some aquatic organisms living in the water