whereas the proximal part of the pectoral-spine base reportedly includes some still unresolved element from the pectoral-fin skeleton, perhaps a radial or propterygium (Reed, 1924; Royero, 1999). Both spines have a long shaft, with or without ornaments, on their anterior, posterior, dorsal or ventral surfaces. The spines grow distally by calcification and sequential fusion of hemitrichia (Vanscoy et al., 2015; Kubicek et al., 2019).