1-335 stcw 95 is bringing about a sea change in the way in which seafarers are trained and certificated. The basic change is from testing competency (by assessing performance in the workplace). In order to achieve this, it is first necessary to define the function required to operate a ship at sea and in port. Once this has been done, detail of knowledge, understanding and proficiency must be established. Methods for demonstrating competence and the criteria for evaluating competance can then be developed.