facilitated
Table 3
Summary of hypothesis testing.
Characteristic Hypothesis
label
Change
management
factor
Hypothesis
Project H1 Scope Construction, A/E, and FM Service scopes will encounter different amounts of resistance, with A/E
encountering the most resistance and Construction encountering the least.
H2 Size Projects of different size will encounter different amounts of resistance, with large project (b$20M)
encountering most resistance and small projects (b$1M) encountering the least.
H3 Duration Projects of different duration will encounter different amounts of resistance, with long duration projects (3+
years) encountering the most resistance and short duration projects (b1 year) encountering the least.
Personnel H4 Position level Personnel of different hierarchical position levels within the organization will display different amounts of
resistance, with frontline personnel displaying the most resistance and executive personnel displaying the least
(and supervisory personnel somewhere in between).
H5 Career stage Personnel at different career stages will display different amounts of resistance, with late career personnel
displaying the most resistance and early career personnel displaying the least.
Organizational
expectations
H6 Implementation
speed
Organizations with different expectations of change implementation speed will exhibit different amounts of
resistance, with organizations expecting an accelerated pace of change adoption displaying the most resistance
and those expecting a longitudinal pace displaying the least.
H7 Organizational
shift
Organizations with different expectations of the overall shift in practices the change would require will exhibit
different amounts of resistance, with those expecting a minimal shift displaying the most resistance and those
expecting a high shift displaying the least.
Implementation
approach
H8 Change message
delivery
Organizations that place different emphasis on communicating the change message to their project teams will
encounter different amounts of resistance, with greater emphasis corresponding with lower resistance.
H9 Formal change
agents
Organizations that do not establish formal change agents will display higher resistance than those that do.
H10 Change agent
involvement
Organizations that have different levels of change agent involvement in project-level change implementation
will encounter different amounts of resistance, with higher involvement corresponding with lower resistance.
B.C. Lines et al. / International Journal of Project Management 33 (2015) 1170–1179 1173
enhanced problem-solving capacity for construction project
teams, and Rezgui (2007) investigated effectiveness of information
and communication technology for virtual collaboration in
construction projects.