It is not surprising that the revolution in the biosciences, particularly in the new human genetics, has raised concerns that human rights should be respected. In a culture committed to human rights, scientific ‘progress’ requires more than new discoveries, the formulation of illuminating new theories, the development of new biotechniques, or the invention of new biotechnological products and processes. In all its phases, from research and development through to application and use, bioscience must be compatible with respect for fundamental rights—such as the right to refuse to participate in research, the right to decide whether or not to undergo a proposed intervention or course of treatment, the right not to be discriminated against unfairly on genetic grounds, the right to control access to or circulation of confidential information about oneself, and so on.