In Eq. (2) and Eq. (3) Qe is the effluent flow rate (volume/time),
Ce(p) is the concentration of a pollutant p in the WWTP effluent
(mass/volume), Cmax(p) is the maximum concentration of a
pollutant p permitted in the receiving water body, and Cnat(p) is the
natural concentration of a pollutant p in the receiving water body.
Because many pollutants exist in WWTP discharge, a WFgrey(p) is
calculated separately for each of the compounds. Then, the resulting
WFgrey is the WF that ensures an adequate dilution capacity for
all compounds, and hence, the maximum of the WFgrey(p) values is
obtained. The compounds included in the assessment depend on
the goal of the study.
The sustainability of the blue WF is assessed by comparing the
blue WF with the water availability (water ready to be used) in the
studied region. However, if the grey WF is less than the river flow
rate to assimilate the pollution, then the calculated grey WF is
sustainable. It is important to consider the yearly fluctuations in
water availability
In Eq. (2) and Eq. (3) Qe is the effluent flow rate (volume/time),Ce(p) is the concentration of a pollutant p in the WWTP effluent(mass/volume), Cmax(p) is the maximum concentration of apollutant p permitted in the receiving water body, and Cnat(p) is thenatural concentration of a pollutant p in the receiving water body.Because many pollutants exist in WWTP discharge, a WFgrey(p) iscalculated separately for each of the compounds. Then, the resultingWFgrey is the WF that ensures an adequate dilution capacity forall compounds, and hence, the maximum of the WFgrey(p) values isobtained. The compounds included in the assessment depend onthe goal of the study.The sustainability of the blue WF is assessed by comparing theblue WF with the water availability (water ready to be used) in thestudied region. However, if the grey WF is less than the river flowrate to assimilate the pollution, then the calculated grey WF issustainable. It is important to consider the yearly fluctuations inwater availability
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