4. ConclusionA single-yeast cell-based cell-free enzyme system was devel-oped and found to be effective for large-scale bio-ethanolproduction at elevated temperatures. This system can efficientlyovercome the problems of glucose and ethanol inhibition that areassociated with conventional microbial fermentation. The presentsystem is also more effective at 40◦C, which might help in resolvingthe temperature barrier of SSF. With the addition of saccharifyingenzymes, our system could be effectively extended to produce bio-ethanol from polysaccharides through SSF. We anticipate that thepresent study will add new dimensions to future studies of biofuelsand bioproducts.AcknowledgmentsThis research was supported by the Basic Science Research Pro-gram through the National Research Foundation (NRF) of Koreafunded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (no.2011-0016965).