Additionally, while there are numerous trials on
PFPS, they mix different treatment techniques or
are focused on only one techniques’ immediate
effectiveness, which implies a methodological difficulty
to compare these results.
Some studies have reported significant
improvement in pain, as measured by VAS or other
measures (including related functionality), between
exercise and non-exercise interventions. At the
same time, some of them have reported significantly
better pain scores in the exercise group after one,
six, or twelve months.