(KOMODA 2009); integrating ICT applications with legacy systems (GIFTS 2004;
Hollenstein 2004; Pokharel 2005; Zeimpekis and Giaglis 2006; Perego et al. 2011); and the
cost of installing and integrating new technology (Jakobs et al. 2001; Pokharel 2005). The
interconnectivity of applications used by different actors in multimodal transport is of vital
importance for reliable and efficient cargo movement (PROMIT 2009). Therefore integrating
customer and partner applications is also considered as a significant barrier to ICT adoption
(Piplani et al. 2004; Pokharel 2005).
Other barriers include the influence of other actors in multimodal transport, long
implementation for ICT projects and lack of data transmission interoperability. The presumed
length of time required for full implementation of ICT and rapid obsolescence of technology
are also identified in some research within the freight transport industry as barriers to ICT
implementation (Piplani et al. 2004; Pokharel 2005; Perego et al. 2011). According to
PROMIT (2009), the lack of data transmission interoperability is mainly caused by the
unwillingness of stakeholders to cooperate with each other. For instance, the reluctance of
sharing related information with their counterparts hinders some haulage operators from
participating in the open Electronic Logistics Marketplaces (ELMs). In addition, the lack of
trust in online transactions and consideration for the security and liability issues regarding the
information to be exchanged may be regarded as an obstacle to the adoption of Internet-based
applications.
The policy-related barriers relate to the coordination and harmonisation of different policy
levels which could prove to be an effective enabler for facilitating some new technologies or
methods implemented through specific regulation. Tsamboulas et al. (2007) assessed the
potential effects of related policies on intermodal transport from the European perspective,
and indicate that policies should be designed to improve productivity and efficiency of
intermodal transport through technological and organisational enhancement. Due to the nature
of multimodal transport that mainly deals with international freight transport, it is likely that
each country will have their own policies which could have an impact on ICT adoption.
KOMODA (2009) and INTEGRITY (2011) pose different barriers with aspects related to
policy including different legal requirements and customs regulations in different countries;
various regulations for every transport mode; different safety and security standards or
regulations between transport modes as well as countries; different legal frameworks
according to cargo category; different administrative procedures and standards between
countries; and insufficient harmonisation of national and European policies between transport
modes. Furthermore, standardised interfaces and open communications mechanisms for the
adoption of ICT in multimodal transport also require promotion and support from related
policies both on a national and EU level (PROMIT 2009). As a result, there is an urgent need
to coordinate and harmonise these fragmented and isolated polices which impact negatively
on ICT implementation in different countries in order to ensure efficient and reliable
transnational freight transport operations. Although several action plans and policy packages
relating to ICT and intermodal transport issues have been published by the European
Commission (EC 2011), there is still a lack of coordination and synergy between stakeholders
and related member states (KOMODA 2009).
(KOMODA 2009); integrating ICT applications with legacy systems (GIFTS 2004;
Hollenstein 2004; Pokharel 2005; Zeimpekis and Giaglis 2006; Perego et al. 2011); and the
cost of installing and integrating new technology (Jakobs et al. 2001; Pokharel 2005). The
interconnectivity of applications used by different actors in multimodal transport is of vital
importance for reliable and efficient cargo movement (PROMIT 2009). Therefore integrating
customer and partner applications is also considered as a significant barrier to ICT adoption
(Piplani et al. 2004; Pokharel 2005).
Other barriers include the influence of other actors in multimodal transport, long
implementation for ICT projects and lack of data transmission interoperability. The presumed
length of time required for full implementation of ICT and rapid obsolescence of technology
are also identified in some research within the freight transport industry as barriers to ICT
implementation (Piplani et al. 2004; Pokharel 2005; Perego et al. 2011). According to
PROMIT (2009), the lack of data transmission interoperability is mainly caused by the
unwillingness of stakeholders to cooperate with each other. For instance, the reluctance of
sharing related information with their counterparts hinders some haulage operators from
participating in the open Electronic Logistics Marketplaces (ELMs). In addition, the lack of
trust in online transactions and consideration for the security and liability issues regarding the
information to be exchanged may be regarded as an obstacle to the adoption of Internet-based
applications.
The policy-related barriers relate to the coordination and harmonisation of different policy
levels which could prove to be an effective enabler for facilitating some new technologies or
methods implemented through specific regulation. Tsamboulas et al. (2007) assessed the
potential effects of related policies on intermodal transport from the European perspective,
and indicate that policies should be designed to improve productivity and efficiency of
intermodal transport through technological and organisational enhancement. Due to the nature
of multimodal transport that mainly deals with international freight transport, it is likely that
each country will have their own policies which could have an impact on ICT adoption.
KOMODA (2009) and INTEGRITY (2011) pose different barriers with aspects related to
policy including different legal requirements and customs regulations in different countries;
various regulations for every transport mode; different safety and security standards or
regulations between transport modes as well as countries; different legal frameworks
according to cargo category; different administrative procedures and standards between
countries; and insufficient harmonisation of national and European policies between transport
modes. Furthermore, standardised interfaces and open communications mechanisms for the
adoption of ICT in multimodal transport also require promotion and support from related
policies both on a national and EU level (PROMIT 2009). As a result, there is an urgent need
to coordinate and harmonise these fragmented and isolated polices which impact negatively
on ICT implementation in different countries in order to ensure efficient and reliable
transnational freight transport operations. Although several action plans and policy packages
relating to ICT and intermodal transport issues have been published by the European
Commission (EC 2011), there is still a lack of coordination and synergy between stakeholders
and related member states (KOMODA 2009).
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..