In nature, bacteria exist as mixed populations. In the laboratory these populations must be
separated so that characteristics of individual species may be observed. A number of basic
techniques are used in microbiology with this end in mind.
· First, microorganisms must be removed from natural environments and cultured in the
laboratory. This requires artificial media and surfaces on which bacteria may grow. This
also requires knowledge of nutritional requirements and environmental requirements
(such as temperature of incubation and the requirement of oxygen).
· Second, bacteria of interest must be separated from all other bacteria in the
environmental sample. This requires separation techniques that allow isolation of a pure
culture of one type of bacteria.
· Third, once a pure culture is achieved, no contaminating bacteria can be introduced from
the environment. This requires that all media and lab supplies be sterile (that is contain
no bacteria that may contaminate the culture of interest).
· Fourth, techniques are needed that facilitate working with pure cultures. This requires
aseptic technique and techniques of storage for pure cultures.
When microbial ecologists seek to isolate new bacteria from the environment, they must
experiment with many nutrients and growth conditions to culture the newly isolated bacteria in
the lab. It is often very difficult to replicate bacterial growth conditions in the lab. It is estimated
that only 0.1% of all bacteria have been successfully cultured.
In nature, bacteria exist as mixed populations. In the laboratory these populations must beseparated so that characteristics of individual species may be observed. A number of basictechniques are used in microbiology with this end in mind.· First, microorganisms must be removed from natural environments and cultured in thelaboratory. This requires artificial media and surfaces on which bacteria may grow. Thisalso requires knowledge of nutritional requirements and environmental requirements(such as temperature of incubation and the requirement of oxygen).· Second, bacteria of interest must be separated from all other bacteria in theenvironmental sample. This requires separation techniques that allow isolation of a pureculture of one type of bacteria.· Third, once a pure culture is achieved, no contaminating bacteria can be introduced fromthe environment. This requires that all media and lab supplies be sterile (that is containno bacteria that may contaminate the culture of interest).· Fourth, techniques are needed that facilitate working with pure cultures. This requiresaseptic technique and techniques of storage for pure cultures.When microbial ecologists seek to isolate new bacteria from the environment, they mustexperiment with many nutrients and growth conditions to culture the newly isolated bacteria inthe lab. It is often very difficult to replicate bacterial growth conditions in the lab. It is estimatedthat only 0.1% of all bacteria have been successfully cultured.
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