It would be beneficial for future studies to examine multiple factors at once, as sociocultural variables tend to interrelate and influence each other. Multiple measures of psychopathy should also be employed in order to increase the generalizability of the results as well as to tease out the most predictive items/content areas for different outcomes. Longitudinal designs that follow cohorts of differently-aged youth would also help to clarify the developmental course and etiology of psychopathy.