particular semiconductor. The loss of energy must be controlled
in solar cell operation and this is also a viable option to increase
the efficiency of the solar cell. It is possible to reduce energy
losses from charge recombination, electron trapping, optical
reflections etc.
For the DSSCs, the nanostructured metal oxides have ability to
attain high efficiency as they have several scales of pores which
can adsorb dye for nonporous scaffold configuration. The dyesensitized
solar cell efficiency is 10–11% for many years, and this
value is very far from the theoretically speculated value, while
the reported efficiency for perovskite cell is 20.1%, thus perovskite
based solar cells become dominant.
The rapid rate of progress in p-type DSSC combined with the
existence of clear avenues for device optimization suggested the
promising future of p-type DSSC. The p-type DSSC is a new and
exciting photovoltaic field for research.
The nanostructured solar cell is also a revolutionary change in
the field of photovoltaics. In perovskite materials, CH3NH3PbI3,
Pb is a toxic element. Replacing Pb by Sn or Sb can reduce the
toxicity in the perovskite materials. The result must be verified
by Ab-initio calculations for the identification of new families.
Perovskite is one of the most promising candidates for the
future photovoltaics technology with advantages of low processing
costs and simple execution for attractive products, such
as being flexible and transparent. Perovskite tandem cell modules
are promising for commercialization along with direct
integration with other cell technologies with Si and SIGS for
high-performance tandem cells.
Acknowledgment
The authors would like to thank University Teknologi Malaysia/
Ministry of Education Malaysia for the financial support of this
research work through Post-Doctoral Fellowship Scheme/Project
no. R.J130000.7826.4F508, International Doctoral Fellowship 176–
Biasiswazah UTM IDF, and also the UoA and CAPEX from Northumbria
University at Newcastle, UK Royal academy of EngineeringResearch
Exchange with China and India. Helpful suggestions from
Dr. Vincent Barrioz in Northumbria University are greatly
acknowledged.
Re
particular semiconductor. The loss of energy must be controlledin solar cell operation and this is also a viable option to increasethe efficiency of the solar cell. It is possible to reduce energylosses from charge recombination, electron trapping, opticalreflections etc. For the DSSCs, the nanostructured metal oxides have ability toattain high efficiency as they have several scales of pores whichcan adsorb dye for nonporous scaffold configuration. The dyesensitizedsolar cell efficiency is 10–11% for many years, and thisvalue is very far from the theoretically speculated value, whilethe reported efficiency for perovskite cell is 20.1%, thus perovskitebased solar cells become dominant. The rapid rate of progress in p-type DSSC combined with theexistence of clear avenues for device optimization suggested thepromising future of p-type DSSC. The p-type DSSC is a new andexciting photovoltaic field for research. The nanostructured solar cell is also a revolutionary change inthe field of photovoltaics. In perovskite materials, CH3NH3PbI3,Pb is a toxic element. Replacing Pb by Sn or Sb can reduce thetoxicity in the perovskite materials. The result must be verifiedby Ab-initio calculations for the identification of new families. Perovskite is one of the most promising candidates for thefuture photovoltaics technology with advantages of low processingcosts and simple execution for attractive products, suchas being flexible and transparent. Perovskite tandem cell modules
are promising for commercialization along with direct
integration with other cell technologies with Si and SIGS for
high-performance tandem cells.
Acknowledgment
The authors would like to thank University Teknologi Malaysia/
Ministry of Education Malaysia for the financial support of this
research work through Post-Doctoral Fellowship Scheme/Project
no. R.J130000.7826.4F508, International Doctoral Fellowship 176–
Biasiswazah UTM IDF, and also the UoA and CAPEX from Northumbria
University at Newcastle, UK Royal academy of EngineeringResearch
Exchange with China and India. Helpful suggestions from
Dr. Vincent Barrioz in Northumbria University are greatly
acknowledged.
Re
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