The morphology and microstructure of the residues were examined
by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (XL40, Philips Research
Laboratories) equipped with an energy dispersion
spectroscopy (EDS) equipment (EDAX, Philips Research Laboratories).
High Heating values were determined by calorimetry using
a bomb calorimeter (Calorimeter AC 350 LECO). The bomb calorimeter
(Leco AC-350) was used to determine the calorific value of various
biomass studied.