Simple speaking, strict carbohydrate restriction depletes liver glycogen and forces the body to turn to other macronutrients for energy. Proteins are metabolically costly to utilize (not to mention dangerous – heart is also a muscle), and is often used as a last resort. By providing adequate amounts of fat, the liver uses dietary and body fat as fuel and produces ketones. “Ketones”, or “ketone bodies” is actually an umbrella term for 3 different molecules, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), acetoacetate (ACA) and acetone. All three can be delivered into the brain and metabolically converted into ATP in both neurons and glia. The three are interrelated: BHB and ACA can convert into each other, while ACA can turn into acetone. Extra ketones are eliminated through urine, or in the case of acetone, breath