Controls had significantly
higher scores on the dimensions positive involvement, encouragement, problem-solving and interpersonal
atmosphere, compared to cases. Parents of controls were also less likely to show coercive behaviours.
These associations remained statistically significant after adjustment for the mother's
education level, tooth brushing frequency and the frequency of consuming sugary foods and drinks,
except for coercion. There was no significant difference in discipline between cases and controls. In
conclusion, this case-control study found a significant relationship between parenting practices, parent
echild interaction quality and childhood dental caries. Our findings suggest that parenting practices may
be an important factor to consider in caries preventive programs.