Surgical
Intradiscal electrothermoplasty (IDET)
Radiofrequency discal nucleoplasty
Interspinous process decompression system (X stop)
Laminectomy with or without spinal fusion
Diskectomy
Percutaneous laser diskectomy
Artificial disk replacement (e.g., Charite’ disk)
Spinal fusion with (e.g., plates, screws) or without instrumentation