Infectious disease remains extremely costly in both human and economic terms. For example, the majority of global child
mortality is due to conditions such as acute respiratory infection,measles, diarrhea, malaria, and HIV/AIDS [1]. Even in
developed countries, infectious disease has great impact; for example, each influenza season costs the United States between 3,000 and 49,000 lives [2] and an average of $87 billion in reduced economic output [3].