2.2. Membranes with or without manganese or cerium carbonate
The PFSA polymer dispersions and slurry were coated onto a
poly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE)) film by using an
applicator and dried in a convection oven at 80 C for 15 min to
fabricate a 25 mm membrane containing Mn or Ce carbonate. A
25 mm membrane without additives was also prepared in the same
manner, using the polymer electrolyte dispersion. Finally, the
membranes were heat treated in a convection oven at 160 C, under
N2 atmosphere for 30 min.