The ICRRA does not have any age limit for detainees. There have been cases reported by NGOs of children being held at Regional Immigration centres. It is believed that children are not generally held at detention centres for extended periods but are placed in foster care or “child consultation offices”. This inevitably results in prolonged periods of separation which are likely to cause further medical and psychological harm. Detention also extends to those whom UNHCR has mandated but who are seeking judicial review of their refusal by the government. At the end of 2003 there were five mandate refugees in detention, of whom two had been in detention for over a year. At the end of 2004 there were three mandate refugees in detention, including an elderly woman. In the absence of evidence that these refugees are a danger to the community, it is almost unprecedented for UNHCR mandated refugees to be detained. In January 2005 there was an international outcry when Japan deported two mandated refugees. Following this in February 2005 the government released the last two mandated refugees in detention.