The proposed algorithm is independent of fault type, fault
location, fault resistance, and fault inception angle. To perform
the protection task, first the transients due to lightning and/or
switching are identified and the operation of the algorithm is
prohibited upon them, by a proposedMM-based filter. Then, the
fault-generated transients are successively processed by three
proposed MM-based filters, where their outputs are compared
with three predefined thresholds to fully discriminate internal
faults from external ones, whenever the sampling frequency
is selected according to the minimum desired fault distance
(which should not become less than 1 MHz).