The most common portals of exit are the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. For example, many pathogens living in the respiratory tract exit in discharges from the mouth and nose; such discharges are expelled during coughing or sneezing. These microorganisms are found in droplets formed from mucus. Pathogens that cause tuberculosis, whooping cough, pneumonia, scarlet fever, meningococcal meningitis, chickenpox, measles, mumps, smallpox, and influenza are discharged through the respiratory route. Other pathogens exit via the gastrointestinal tract in feces or saliva. Feces may be comtaminated with pathogens associated with salmonellosis , cholera, typhoid fever,shigellosis, amoebic dysentery, and poliomyelitis. Saliva can also contain pathogens,such as those that cause rabies, mumps, and infectious mononucleosis.