An awareness of the quantitative and qualitative diversity of the microorganisms present in wineries is important, as are the mechanisms by which they transfer to the wines. The winery is an environment associated with grape fermentation, wine storage, aging and bottling, and microorganisms could be a source of contamination during the storage, aging and bottling of wines. The dissemination of microorganisms in a winery occurs through tools, equipment, workers, insects and air. The air itself does not facilitate the development of microbes and it only acts as a support medium or carrier until the microorganisms are deposited on the surrounding surfaces.