Iodine status
Urinary iodine concentration is the most common measure of iodine status .the world health organization proposed a desirable urinary iodine concentration of 100-200 for non-pregnant populations and 150-249 during pregnancy. The goal for iodine sufficiency in a population is to have less than 50% of a population with a urinary iodine concentration below 100 and less than 20% of a population with a urinary iodine concentration below 50.a desired urinary iodine concentration of100 was identified because this concentration represents an iodine intake of approximately 150 , which is a reference intake level that has been identified by various organizations , such as the recommended dietary allowance by the institute of medicine . the RDA, however, is an intake level for individuals to achieve and for assessing the intake of individuals rather than populations.
The most recent available evidence for urinary iodine concentration in united states comes from NHANES 2003-2004.approximately 29%,11%and2% of the general us population had a urinary iodine concentration below 100,50and20,respectively,which meets the Who criteria for an iodine-sufficient population .NHANES 2003-2004 did not measure urinary iodine concentration in infants and young children. for woman of reproductive age,approximately38% of non-pregnant women had a urinary iodine concentration below 100 and approximately 39% of pregnant woman had a urinary iodine concentration below 150
Iodine intake
Base on FDA TDS (2003-2004), the average iodine intake for woman of reproductive age was 145-197.despite the fact that this intake range does not represent iodine from dietary supplements or from iodized salt added by the consumer ,this intake range exceeds the estimated average requirement of 95.because the distribution of iodine intake was not determined, it is not possible to estimate the percentage of woman who consumed less than the estimated average requirement .based on NHANES 1999-2004 data, the average daily amount of iodine adults obtained from supplements was 128
Base on the FDA TDS (2003-2004),the average iodine intake for infants ranged from 144 to 155.this intake level is greater than adequate intake(AI) of 130 for infants 6-11 months of age. The AI for infants was based on the average iodine intake by exclusively breastfed infants .this approach to setting the AI for infants was used because breast milk was considered by the institute of medicine panel to provide a sufficient amount of iodine to the infant.An intake level of 25-35 is a level below whichthere is an increase in neonatal serum TSH concentrations indicating subclinical hypothyroidism. The average daily amount of iodine consumed by children who took an iodine-containing supplement was approximately 105