The new mutant cultivar ‘NIAB Karishma’ released in 1996,and derivedfrom a cross of the mutant cultivarNIAB-86withanAmericanstrain‘W83–29’, is early maturing, has improved heat tolerance, and high yield potential. NIAB Karishma has been cultivated on 486,000 ha and brought farmers US $ 17 millions income (M.A. Awan, pers. commun.) In China, the cotton cultivar ‘Lumian No. 1’ derived from gamma ray treatment was released in 1974. This high yielding cultivar’s annual cultivation area exceeded 1 million hectares until the late 80’s (Maluszynskietal., 1995).Ithadbeenoneofthemost widely grown cotton cultivars in China.