Exercise induced irregular menstrual cycles and ovary subcellular structural damages, such as swollenness of mitochondria in rats from groups E and R. Both glucose and oligosaccharide supplements restored well-differentiated mitochondria in the ovarian follicular cells, and a significant improvement of endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi in swollenness in theca cells in groups O and G compared to groups C, E, and R.
There was no difference in mitochondria subcellular structural changes between groups O and G. Group E showed attenuation of serum levels of 17b-estradiol and progesterone compared to C. There were no differences of 17b-estradiol serum levels among groups O, G, and R, while group G showed a lower level of progesterone than C.