Microscopic analysis of villous syncytial knots was done by counting the number of syncytial knots in 100 intermediate and terminal villi. Counting was done in areas where the highest amount of syncytial knots was easily visible on low power magnification. (x10). The distinction between a true syncytial knots and nuclear aggregates resembling knots (false knots) was subjective and ideally immunohistochemistry should be performed for confirmation. However, knots displaying highly condensed chromatin were considered as true knots (Fig: 2) According to the literature, PIH placentae show more than 30% syncytial knots compared to normal placentae.(9,11)