2. Biological process induced calcium
carbonate precipitation
Currently, techniques for ground improvement are
being explored which aim at enhancing soil properties
on demand by stimulating natural bio-chemical
processes in- situ [1-6]. One of these technologies is
biocementation (or biocalcification), an in-situ soil
strengthening technique involving microbial-induced
CaCO3 precipitation. Several studies have shown that
this process can be used to improve the mechanical
properties of porous materials [1-3, 5-9]. In most of
these studies, CaCO3 precipitation was induced by
hydrolysis of urea in a solution with calcium chloride
(CaCl2). Purified urease enzymes or whole bacterial
cells, containing the enzyme in high concentrations,
2. Biological process induced calcium
carbonate precipitation
Currently, techniques for ground improvement are
being explored which aim at enhancing soil properties
on demand by stimulating natural bio-chemical
processes in- situ [1-6]. One of these technologies is
biocementation (or biocalcification), an in-situ soil
strengthening technique involving microbial-induced
CaCO3 precipitation. Several studies have shown that
this process can be used to improve the mechanical
properties of porous materials [1-3, 5-9]. In most of
these studies, CaCO3 precipitation was induced by
hydrolysis of urea in a solution with calcium chloride
(CaCl2). Purified urease enzymes or whole bacterial
cells, containing the enzyme in high concentrations,
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