Increased temperature
and more heat waves
More frequent droughts
(and less soil moisture)
Sea level rise and coastal
erosion
More extreme rainfall
events and flooding
More intensive and
frequent storms
l Melting asphalt (dark surface).
l Increased asphalt rutting due to material constraints under severe exposure to heat.
l Thermal expansion on bridge expansion joints and paved surfaces, and damage to
bridge structure material.
l Degradation of road foundation due to increased variation in wet/dry spells and a
decrease in available moisture.
l Risk of inundation of road infrastructure and flooding of underground tunnels.
l Degradation of the road surface and base layers from salt penetration.
l More landslides and subsidence.
l Higher waterways can submerge, undermine and wash away bridges.
l Risk of dirt roads, and other roads with limited foundations and poor or no
drainage, being washed away or scoured.
l More rapid degradation of subgrade material underneath roads or pavements,
leading to a loss of strength and bearing capacity.
l Damage to bridges, flyovers, street lighting, signs and service stations.
l Risk of inundation by the sea.
l Blocked roads due to fallen trees, damaged buildings and vehicles.