Today, we have condensed these
to four: planning, organizing, leading, and controlling.
Because organizations exist to achieve goals, someone has to define those
goals and the means for achieving them; management is that someone. The
planning function encompasses defining an organization’s goals, establishing
an overall strategy for achieving those goals, and developing a comprehensive
set of plans to integrate and coordinate activities. Evidence indicates this
function increases the most as managers move from lower-level to mid-level
management. 6
Managers are also responsible for designing an organization’s structure. We
call this function organizing. It includes determining what tasks are to be done,
who is to do them, how the tasks are to be grouped, who reports to whom, and
where decisions are to be made.
Every organization contains people, and it is management’s job to direct and
coordinate those people. This is the leading function. When managers motivate
employees, direct their activities, select the most effective communication channels,
or resolve conflicts among members, they’re engaging in leading.
To ensure things are going as they should, management must monitor the
organization’s performance and compare it with previously set goals. If there are
any significant deviations, it is management’s job to get the organization back on
track. This monitoring, comparing, and potential correcting is the controlling
function.
So, using the functional approach, the answer to the question “What do
managers do?” is that they plan, organize, lead, and contro
Today, we have condensed theseto four: planning, organizing, leading, and controlling.Because organizations exist to achieve goals, someone has to define thosegoals and the means for achieving them; management is that someone. Theplanning function encompasses defining an organization’s goals, establishingan overall strategy for achieving those goals, and developing a comprehensiveset of plans to integrate and coordinate activities. Evidence indicates thisfunction increases the most as managers move from lower-level to mid-levelmanagement. 6Managers are also responsible for designing an organization’s structure. Wecall this function organizing. It includes determining what tasks are to be done,who is to do them, how the tasks are to be grouped, who reports to whom, andwhere decisions are to be made.Every organization contains people, and it is management’s job to direct andcoordinate those people. This is the leading function. When managers motivateemployees, direct their activities, select the most effective communication channels,or resolve conflicts among members, they’re engaging in leading.To ensure things are going as they should, management must monitor theorganization’s performance and compare it with previously set goals. If there areany significant deviations, it is management’s job to get the organization back ontrack. This monitoring, comparing, and potential correcting is the controllingfunction.So, using the functional approach, the answer to the question “What domanagers do?” is that they plan, organize, lead, and contro
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