Interventions
Nursing intervention data were obtained from the
GRASP® System (GRASP Systems International Companies,
Fort Collins, CO, USA), which consists of
comprehensive lists of nursing interventions with associated
durations. For example, intravascular (IV) Medication
is categorized as taking 42 minutes. The type
and the time value of a specific nursing intervention
were determined by a combination of time studies and
the consensus method.