WAYS TO UTILIZE MODALITY IN ADDRESSING THE CHALLENGES
This chapter argues that modalities can be used not only to promote sustainable urban development, but also to overcome the above challenges. Most studies and policy recommendations see an increase in local government capacity as the entry point in addressing technical challenges in sustainable urban development in Southeast Asia. The criteria developed by Manasan, Gonzales, and Gaffud(1999) to monitor good governance at the local level highlights three aspects: capacity of local governments to mobilize and utilize resources, efficient and effective delivery of social services, and the presence of mechanisms to ensure accountability(Gonzales and Mendoza 2002, p. 208). National governments need to provide guidance, opportunity and facility for local governments to enhance technical skills and change the mindset and enhance its ability professiona to engineer a supportive system for good governance practices.