In conclusion, although we found no consistently
significant associations between urinary
BPA concentrations and prematurity, further
research may be warranted given our significant
adverse findings with spontaneous PTB
and late-pregnancy urinary BPA concentrations
and stratified analysis effects in females.
Additionally, this study highlights the need to
model PTB by underlying causes in population
studies not only to help inform potential
mechanistic links, but also to reduce potential
bias from inclusion of medically indicated
protocol driven PTBs.