or would like to experience a new modality. Given the breadth of the field, there are ample opportunities for future research on massage and bodywork. Future research should evaluate the benefits of repeated general TM treatments over the longer term. There are opportunities to compare the effects of general massage with treatments designed by the massage therapist to addresses specific client needs based upon the pre-treatment assessment. With the array of massage and bodywork modalities available to the consumer, research should compare general outcomes of different modalities, and explore how they can be used as an alternative therapy or as a complementary treatment for disease or illness.