Type of cooking oil and MI. In the analysis adjusted for
age, gender, and area of residence through matching (Table
3), consumption of palm oil compared with soybean oil (containing
22% trans fat) was associated with increased risk of MI
(OR 1.40; 95% CI: 1.07–1.82). Adjusting for smoking,
alcohol intake, history of diabetes, history of hypertension,
abdominal obesity, physical activity, and income attenuated
the association (OR 1.16; 95% CI: 0.86 –1.56), mainly
because of the high number of current smokers in the palm oil
group and less abdominal obesity in the soybean oil group.
Further adjustment for energy and fiber intake did not change
the association appreciably (OR 1.14; 95% CI: 0.84 –1.56).