Impacts of climate change on forest biodiversity may differ regionally and locally. In
areas where forest conditions were previously uniform, an increase in stochastic events and
dynamic processes may enhance diversity in structures and species (Jentsch and Beierkuhnlein2008). Yet, globally, conservation of forest biodiversity is expected to become
even more difficult in the light of climate change and related uncertainties. In addition,
conservation objectives have to be developed and negotiated against a variety of societal
demands for other ecosystem services (Schaich2013). Both conflicts and synergies may
arise from managing forests for timber, biodiversity conservation as well as for carbon
sequestration, of which the latter is currently promoted by international financing mechanisms to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD?) (Pistorius
et al.2012). The development of biodiversity safeguards and indicators as well as their
consequent integration into forest management and respective incentive-based instruments
for enhancing forest ecosystem services is therefore required (Schaich and Konold2012;
Caparros and Jacquemont2003).