Despite its losses during the Napoleonic War, the position of France in the half-century following 1815 was significantly better than that of either Prussia or the Habsburg Empire in many respects. Its national income was much larger, and capital was more readily available; its population was far bigger than Prussia's and more homogeneous than the Habsburg Empire's; it could more easily afford a large army, and could pay for a considerable navy as well. Nonetheless, it is treated here as a"middle power" simply because strategical, diplomatic, and economic circumstances all combined to prevent France from concentrating its resources and gaining a decisive lead in any particular sphere.