In conclusion, I want to re-emphasize the value of the geographical standpoint in
understanding contemporary processes of globalization. Far too often in the literature
(both popular and academic) we find places depicted as victims or victors of some ethereal
process called globalization. A well-grounded historical-geographical materialism teaches
us that globalization is the product of these distinctive processes of the production of space
on the ground under capitalism. The question is not, therefore, what can an understanding
of globalization tell us about geography but what can an understanding of geographical
principles tell us about globalization, its successes and its failures, its specific forms of
creative destruction, and the political discontents and resistances to which it gives rise.
Above all, a better understanding of those geographical principles can surely help bring
together the vast array of oppositional movements, currently geographically fragmented as
well as unevenly developed, that offer hope for and aspire to some alternative.