Procedure
Data were collected during a 3-month period in 2011, starting when each child returned to the unit following surgery. During the first 72 hr postopera- tively, the researcher observed each child’s care for four 2-hr periods at various times of the day, cover- ing both the day and the night shift, shadowing the nurses as they cared for children in the study.Atotal of 80 hr of observation was carried out during the whole period of data collection