LPS16 adhered to epithelial cell lines
To test whether LPS16 can adhere to gastric epithelial cells, PKH2-labeled LPS16 was incubated with gastric epithelial cells AGS and MKN45, and adherence ability was determined by flow cytometry. LPS16 [multiplicity of infection (MOI) = 100] showed significant adherence to two cell lines when compared to epithelial cells only (Fig. 3, Mann–Whitney U test, p < 0.05). However, LPS16 (MOI = 100) showed less adhesion ability than H. pylori J99 and 26695 (MOI = 10 and MOI = 20) on the two cell lines (Fig. 3, Mann–Whitney U test, p < 0.05).