By selectively blocking interleukin-1 (IL-1) through use of an IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), Narimanbekov and Rozy- cki were able to reduce lung lavage concentrations of a num- ber of markers of lung injury (i.e., albumin, elastase, neutro- phils), as well as reduce histologic evidence of lung injury in a rabbit surfactant deficient, hyperoxic lung injury model (16). However, as would be expected given the complexity and re- dundancy of the stress/injury response, lung injury was not completely abrogated.