In examining the interconnections within the areas of the
theory of change, the two constructs contained in the supports area
of the theory of change are related to each other and student
achievement in the following ways. Transformational leadership is
significantly and positively correlated with collective teacher
efficacy (Ross & Gray, 2006) and is indirectly related to school-level
student achievement (Leithwood & Sleegers, 2006; Wiley, 2001).
Collective teacher efficacy also has a positive relationship with
school-level student achievement in math (Goddard et al., 2000;
Tschannen-Moran & Barr, 2004).