Interventions studied
Twelve of the 13 included studies investigated a type of therapy
intervention or training for sit-to-stand. These included:
• six studies (276 participants) that investigated repetitive sitto-stand
training (Barreca 2004; Barreca 2007; Britton 2008;
Cheng 2001; Malouin 2009; Tung 2010);
• four studies (264 participants) that investigated an exercise
training programme, which included sit-to-stand training
(Blennerhassett 2004; Dean 2000; FLASSH 2012; Mead 2007);
• one study (12 participants) that included a training
programme (sitting training) aimed to improve sit-to-stand
(Dean 2007); and
• one study (42 participants) that investigated augmented
feedback during sit-to-stand (Engardt 1993).
One of the included studies, with nine participants, investigated
the effect of altered chair design or starting posture for sit-to-stand.
This was a study comparing sit-to-stand with a cane and without
a cane (Hu 2013).
Malouin 2009 included two repetitive sit-to-stand training intervention
groups; one intervention combined repetitive sit-to-stand
with cognitive training and the other intervention combined repetitive
sit-to-stand with mental practice. We have included both of
these intervention groups in our analyses, with the intervention
including cognitive training entered as Malouin 2009a and the
intervention including mental practice entered as Malouin 2009b.
(Data from the control group were ’shared’ between these ’studies’,
with half the number of control group participants allocated to
each ’study’).
Cheng 2001 provided both visual and auditory feedback as