Customer buying Frequent purchase; little behavior planning, little
comparison or shopping effort; low customer involvement
Less frequent purchase; much planning and shopping effort; comparison of brands on price, quality, and style
Strong brand preference and loyalty; special purchase effort; little comparison of brands; low price sensitivity
Little product awareness; knowledge (or, if aware, little or even negative interest)
Varies Varies
Aggressive advertising and personal selling by the producer and resellers
Life insurance and Red Cross blood donations
Price Low price Higher price High price
Distribution Widespread distribution; convenient
locations
Selective distribution in fewer outlets
Exclusive distribution in only one or a few outlets per market area
Promotion Mass promotion by the Advertising and producer personal selling by both
the producer and resellers
More carefully targeted promotion by both the producer and resellers
Examples Toothpaste, magazines, Major appliances, and laundry detergent televisions, furniture,
Luxury goods, such as Rolex watches or fine crystal
Customer buying Frequent purchase; little behavior planning, little
comparison or shopping effort; low customer involvement
Less frequent purchase; much planning and shopping effort; comparison of brands on price, quality, and style
Strong brand preference and loyalty; special purchase effort; little comparison of brands; low price sensitivity
Little product awareness; knowledge (or, if aware, little or even negative interest)
Varies Varies
Aggressive advertising and personal selling by the producer and resellers
Life insurance and Red Cross blood donations
Price Low price Higher price High price
Distribution Widespread distribution; convenient
locations
Selective distribution in fewer outlets
Exclusive distribution in only one or a few outlets per market area
Promotion Mass promotion by the Advertising and producer personal selling by both
the producer and resellers
More carefully targeted promotion by both the producer and resellers
Examples Toothpaste, magazines, Major appliances, and laundry detergent televisions, furniture,
Luxury goods, such as Rolex watches or fine crystal
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