Fig. 3. (A) Effect of influent temperature on the removal of ammonium and manganese in the R1 column; (B) removal of ammonium using different influent temperature
depletion of ammonium concentration in relation with the bed depth; (C) higher (22.2–6.6 C) and (D) lower (5.6 C) influent temperature linear regression analysis of
ammonium depletion in relation with the empty bed contact time.