Clinical studies have shown that fluoride varnish application can prevent caries in the pits and fissures of permanent molars
(Hawkins et al., 2003). However, in a recent Cochrane systematic review, no conclusion could be drawn as to whether it can serve as an alternative prevention method to fissure sealant placement (Hiiri et al., 2010). Besides preventing new dental caries, regular applications of fluoride varnish to active caries lesions can lead to remineralization and caries arrest in children (Chu et al., 2002). A practical problem with promoting the use of fluoride varnish is its higher material cost per application to
multiple teeth compared with that of other topical fluoride therapies, such as fluoride foam (Hawkins et al., 2004).